See -ul on Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormaq (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmaq (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmaq (“to catch”) + -ul → tutulmaq (“to get caught”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"id": "en--ul-az-suffix-VMQ715dK",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Azerbaijani"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 4 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 5 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 42 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 4 46 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoportos (“collective”) + -ul → csoportosul (“to form a group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "azonos (“identical”) + -ul → azonosul (“to identify; to associate oneself with some group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "von (“to pull”) + -ul → vonul (“to go along, to stalk, to march”, literally “to pull oneself”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alak (“shape”) + -ul → alakul (“to take shape”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:verb",
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"middle-voice",
"middle voice#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ül",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "case suffix",
"tags": [
"essive-modal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "essive-modal case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-ul/-ül"
},
"expansion": "-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajándék (“gift, present”) + -ul → ajándékul (“as a gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "példa (“example”) + -ul → például (“for example; as an example”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, with the intention of"
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:essive",
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
]
],
"qualifier": "essive sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(essive sense) as, with the intention of"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:essive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ként"
},
{
"word": "-képp/-képpen"
},
{
"english": "stating the capacity",
"word": "mint"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 4 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 5 53",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 6 42 7 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 4 46 5 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "rossz (“bad”) + -ul → rosszul (“badly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "angol (“English”) + -ul → angolul (“in English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"id": "en--ul-hu-suffix-hu:modal",
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "modal sense; adverb-forming suffix; modal sense; adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:modal"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)"
],
"id": "en--ul-enm-suffix-a1gD4cIZ",
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ul"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el"
],
"id": "en--ul-ang-suffix-HJxO9c4Z",
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"id": "en--ul-ang-suffix-0GayhBqs",
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*illu"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ille"
},
"expansion": "Latin ille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "-lu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu, from a clipping of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille), compare Aromanian -lu.\nDue to the misunderstanding of modern speakers, *-ul* is assumed to be a separate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ul m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-l"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"parents": [
"Suffixes with multiple genders",
"Suffixes by gender",
"Suffixes",
"Morphemes",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the (definite article)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -l"
],
"id": "en--ul-ro-suffix-zgdo9iFI",
"links": [
[
"-l",
"-l#Romanian"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-ului"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ua"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/",
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormak (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmak (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmak (“to hold”) + -ul → tutulmak (“to be held”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"id": "en--ul-tr-suffix-VMQ715dK",
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating a tendency or proneness to do the verb."
],
"id": "en--ul-gmw-pro-suffix-v~b3wodA",
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "az-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "az",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Azerbaijani",
"lang_code": "az",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Azerbaijani entries with incorrect language header",
"Azerbaijani non-lemma forms",
"Azerbaijani suffix forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormaq (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmaq (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmaq (“to catch”) + -ul → tutulmaq (“to get caught”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Azerbaijani"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian case suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Hungarian verb-forming suffixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "verb-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "csoportos (“collective”) + -ul → csoportosul (“to form a group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "azonos (“identical”) + -ul → azonosul (“to identify; to associate oneself with some group”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "von (“to pull”) + -ul → vonul (“to go along, to stalk, to march”, literally “to pull oneself”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "alak (“shape”) + -ul → alakul (“to take shape”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"links": [
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
],
[
"middle-voice",
"middle voice#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "verb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(verb-forming suffix) Added to a word to form an intransitive verb with a middle-voice meaning."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:verb"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Hungarian case suffixes",
"Hungarian entries with incorrect language header",
"Hungarian lemmas",
"Hungarian links with redundant alt parameters",
"Hungarian suffixes",
"Hungarian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"forms": [
{
"form": "-ül",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "case suffix",
"tags": [
"essive-modal"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hu",
"2": "suffix",
"3": "essive-modal case suffix",
"cat2": "case suffixes",
"head": "-ul/-ül"
},
"expansion": "-ul/-ül (essive-modal case suffix)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "ajándék (“gift, present”) + -ul → ajándékul (“as a gift”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "példa (“example”) + -ul → például (“for example; as an example”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"as, with the intention of"
],
"links": [
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"intention",
"intention"
]
],
"qualifier": "essive sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(essive sense) as, with the intention of"
],
"senseid": [
"hu:essive"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ként"
},
{
"word": "-képp/-képpen"
},
{
"english": "stating the capacity",
"word": "mint"
}
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "rossz (“bad”) + -ul → rosszul (“badly”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "angol (“English”) + -ul → angolul (“in English”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"links": [
[
"adjective",
"adjective#English"
],
[
"adverb",
"adverb#English"
]
],
"qualifier": "modal sense; adverb-forming suffix; modal sense; adverb-forming suffix",
"raw_glosses": [
"(modal sense, adverb-forming suffix) Added to an adjective to form an adverb."
],
"senseid": [
"hu:modal"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ul]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"extra": "agentive suffix",
"word": "-el"
}
],
"categories": [
"Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle English lemmas",
"Middle English suffixes",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el (“agentive suffix”)"
],
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Middle_English:_agentive"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old English entries with incorrect language header",
"Old English lemmas",
"Old English suffixes",
"Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Old English terms with redundant head parameter",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "suffix",
"head": "-ul"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Old English",
"lang_code": "ang",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-el"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -el"
],
"links": [
[
"-el",
"-el#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-ol"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of -ol"
],
"links": [
[
"-ol",
"-ol#Old_English"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*-ulaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *-ulaz",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Germanic *-ulaz.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gmw-infl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulanā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulumē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-uleʀō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulēm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ulum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "*-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gmw-infl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/-ul",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-West Germanic a-stem adjectives",
"Proto-West Germanic adjective-forming suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-West Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-West Germanic suffixes",
"Proto-West Germanic terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Proto-West Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Germanic"
],
"glosses": [
"Forms adjectives from verbs, indicating a tendency or proneness to do the verb."
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "VL.",
"3": "",
"4": "*illu"
},
"expansion": "Vulgar Latin *illu",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "la",
"3": "ille"
},
"expansion": "Latin ille",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "-lu"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian -lu",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Identical to -l (a contracted form of an older -lu, from a clipping of Vulgar Latin *illu, from Latin ille), compare Aromanian -lu.\nDue to the misunderstanding of modern speakers, *-ul* is assumed to be a separate suffix. In older Romanian (still dialectially attested and present in place names) masculine nouns end in -u for example: focu (now foc). A tendency to drop the pronunciation of final -u sounds lead to the modern pronunciation. Accordingly the old definite form for focu is foculu. Thus when subjected to final u dropping it results in the modern form focul. It is not that -ul is a suffix, but that the indefinite form is contracted, such that its not immediately obvious.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "-ul m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"pos": "suffix",
"related": [
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-le"
},
{
"word": "-ului"
},
{
"word": "-a"
},
{
"word": "-ua"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "-l"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Romanian entries with incorrect language header",
"Romanian lemmas",
"Romanian masculine suffixes",
"Romanian neuter suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes",
"Romanian suffixes with multiple genders",
"Romanian terms derived from Latin",
"Romanian terms derived from Vulgar Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Latin",
"Romanian terms inherited from Vulgar Latin"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "the (definite article)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"variant of -l"
],
"links": [
[
"-l",
"-l#Romanian"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neuter"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ul/"
},
{
"ipa": "/u/",
"tags": [
"informal"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in a vowel other than -e",
"word": "-l"
},
{
"word": "-i"
},
{
"english": "for masculine and neuter nouns ending in -e",
"word": "-le"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "tr-inf-p",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-ıl",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-il",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ul",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ül",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-consonant-except-l",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ın",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-in",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"unrounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-un",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"back-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-ün",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-l-consonant",
"front-vowel-harmony",
"rounded-harmony"
]
},
{
"form": "-n",
"source": "Floating Div",
"tags": [
"after-vowel"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "tr",
"2": "suffix form"
},
"expansion": "-ul",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Turkish entries with incorrect language header",
"Turkish non-lemma forms",
"Turkish suffix forms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "yormak (“to tire out”) + -ul → yorulmak (“to get tired”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "tutmak (“to hold”) + -ul → tutulmak (“to be held”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "-il after the vowels O"
},
{
"word": "U and a consonant other than L"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Form of -il after the vowels O / U and a consonant other than L."
],
"links": [
[
"-il",
"-il#Turkish"
]
],
"tags": [
"form-of",
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[uɫ]"
}
],
"word": "-ul"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ul meaning in All languages combined (15.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.